At the end of the Civil War, the United States of America was once again an undivided Union. The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865. Pennsylvania, for example, had acute problems. [3] The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. Another goal was to foster latent Unionism in Southern border states. However, much of the Union strength had to be used to garrison conquered areas, and to protect railroads and other vital points. Northern textile manufacturers needed cotton to remain in business and to make uniforms, while cotton exports to Europe provided an important source of gold to finance the war. Dr. Gary Gallagher Explaining What the Concept of Union Meant in Mid 19th Century America My book 501 Civil War Quotes and Notes features quotes made before, during, and after the Civil War. Chart. More soldiers died of disease than from battle injuries, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease, and accidents. An illustrative case study came in New Hampshire, where the critical post of state adjutant general was held in 1861–64 by elderly politician Anthony C. Colby (1792–1873) and his son Daniel E. Colby (1816–1891). Shannon Smith Bennett, "Draft Resistance and Rioting." Cimbala, Paul A. and Randall M. Miller, eds. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and four border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it. [45], Additionally, women gained new public roles. Historian, Allan Nevins, says: The thunderclap of Sumter produced a startling crystallization of Northern sentiment ... Anger swept the land. [57] For a list of the major industrialists see . The war years were quite prosperous except where serious fighting and guerrilla warfare ravaged the countryside. Third came the nation's first income tax; only the wealthy paid and it was repealed at war's end. [15], Military and reconstruction issues were another matter. Die bekanntesten Generäle waren … They warned that the abolition of slavery would bring a flood of freed blacks into the labor market of the North. The border states were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. [48], Both sides operated prison camps; they handled about 400,000 captives, but many other prisoners were quickly released and never sent to camps. They led to endless controversy because they caused inflation. The Democratic Party was deeply split. Apart from taxes, the second major source of income was government bonds. The states that remained loyal to the government were called Union or Northern states. Supported by 20 Free States and five Border States, the Union was comprised of: This meant the Confederacy had 11 total states. Among such units was the 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, which served as William Sherman's personal escort on his march to the sea. [92] Thousands of black refugees poured into St. Louis, where the Freedmen's Relief Society, the Ladies Union Aid Society, the Western Sanitary Commission, and the American Missionary Association (AMA) set up schools for their children. [84], Historian Stephen M. Frank reports that what it meant to be a father varied with status and age. Weber (2006) argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by fighting the draft, encouraging desertion and forming conspiracies. See the table below for lists of the regiments, battalions, batteries, and other units. Typically, politicians used their local organizations to raise troops and were in line (if healthy enough) to become colonel. "Who Fought for the North in the Civil War? [95], Nearly 120,000 Unionists from the South served in the Union Army during the Civil War and Unionist regiments were raised from every Confederate state except for South Carolina. Vinovskis, Maris A., ed. Over 30,000 Union and nearly 26,000 Confederate prisoners died in captivity. When Washington called for 10 more regiments, enough men volunteered to form 30. Likewise, large pockets of eastern Kentucky were Unionist and helped keep the state from seceding. Index of soldiers who served in the Civil War, 1861-1865 culled from 6.3 million soldier records in the General Index Cards to the Compiled Military Service Records in the National Archives. During the American Civil War, there were 20 states in the Union, including Illinois, California, Indiana, Connecticut, Iowa, Michigan, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Oregon, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin and Rhode Island. However, the party increasingly split down the middle between the moderates who supported the war effort, and the peace element, including Copperheads, who did not. Grant, S-M. "'Mortal in this season': Union Surgeons and the Narrative of Medical Modernisation in the American Civil War.". The tariff act of 1862 served not only to raise revenue but also to encourage the establishment of factories free from British competition by taxing British imports. Even before the war started, the phrase "preserve the Union" was commonplace, and a "union of states" had been used to refer to the entire United States of America. Anderson, "The Vacant Chair on the Farm: Soldier Husbands, Farm Wives, and the Iowa Home Front, 1861–1865,", Gervase Phillips, "Warhorses of the U.S. Civil War,", Spencer Jones, "The Influence of Horse Supply Upon Field Artillery in the American Civil War,", David S. Surdam, "Traders or traitors: Northern cotton trading during the Civil War,". [89] A typical state was Iowa, where the private "Iowa Soldiers Orphans Home Association" operated with funding from the legislature and public donations. Civil War Map of Union and Confederate States | Marsh, Carole | ISBN: 0710430076994 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. [14] Lincoln paid relatively little attention to this legislation as he focused on war issues but he worked smoothly with powerful Congressional leaders such as Thaddeus Stevens (on taxation and spending), Charles Sumner (on foreign affairs), Lyman Trumbull (on legal issues), Justin Smith Morrill (on land grants and tariffs) and William Pitt Fessenden (on finances). In 1860 the Treasury was a small operation that funded the small-scale operations of the government through land sales and customs based on a low tariff. [19], As the federal draft laws tightened, there was serious unrest among Copperhead strongholds, such as the Irish in the Pennsylvania coal mining districts. All Rights Reserved. Abraham Lincoln was their President. The Union Army was a new formation comprising mostly state units, together with units from the regular U.S. Army. Confederates sometimes styled them "Homemade Yankees". [104], United States' national government during the American Civil War (1861-65), This article is about the civil war period. Throughout the war, new states were formed and some states switched sides, which is why a list of Union states can help you better understand the Union side. [2] The Democratic Party strongly supported the war at the beginning in 1861, but by 1862, was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element known as Peace Democrats, led by the extremist "Copperheads". In the context of the American Civil War, the Union is sometimes referred to as "the North", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was "the South". Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_(American_Civil_War)&oldid=1009017017, History of the Northeastern United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Flaherty, Jane. The Union consisted of 20 free states and four border states. That web site also can be searched by the name of a soldier. In the end, the Union states won, but people in many states continue to show Confederate pride today. In the East, opposition to the war was strongest among Irish Catholics, but also included business interests connected to the South typified by August Belmont. Following the unexpected carnage at the battle of Shiloh in April 1862, Ohio sent three steamboats to the scene as floating hospitals equipped with doctors, nurses, and medical supplies. Other states in the Deep South (dark gray) seceded next. East Tennessee never supported the Confederacy, and Unionists there became powerful state leaders, including governors Andrew Johnson and William G. Brownlow. '", Cashin, Joan E. "American Women and the American Civil War", Giesberg, Judith Ann. [39], States could use their own tax money to support their troops, as Ohio did. After Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860, seven Southern states seceded from the Union and formed The Confederate States of America. Der amerikanische Bürgerkrieg - Civil War - Sezessionskrieg von 1861 - 1865 zwischen den Nordstaaten (die in der Union der Vereinigten Staaten verbliebenen Staaten) und den Südstaaten (die aus der Union ausgetretenen Staaten - die Konföderation) der USA. Harsh weather, bad water, inadequate shelter in winter quarters, poor policing of camps, and dirty camp hospitals took their toll. [61] [88], Caring for war orphans was an important function for local organizations as well as state and local government. Critics said the cotton trade helped the South, prolonged the war and fostered corruption. The U.S. government owned vast amounts of good land (mostly from the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the Oregon Treaty with Britain in 1846). The 1862 Homestead Act opened up the public domain lands for free. This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 07:58. Later waves enlisted for three years. Civil War Map Union And Confederate States – blank civil war map union and confederate states, civil war map showing union and confederate states, civil war map union and confederate states, civil war map with union confederate and border states, . "'I never wood git tired of wrighting to you. These states were generally concentrated in the Northern half of the country, operated under the direction of President Abraham Lincoln, and called themselves The United States of America. The war resolved two fundamental questions left unresolved by the revolution: whether the United States was to be a dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible nation with a sover… Operations in the South meant a dangerous and new disease environment, bringing diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria. [12] His first priority was military victory. Kathleen L. Endres, "A Voice for the Christian Family: The Methodist Episcopal 'Ladies' Repository' in the Civil War,", James Marten, "For the good, the true, and the beautiful: Northern children's magazines and the Civil War,", James Marten, "History in a Box: Milton Bradley's Myriopticon,", George Gallarno, "How Iowa Cared for Orphans of Her Soldiers of the Civil War,", James Marten, "Children and Youth during the Civil War Era," (New York University Press) Winter 2012, pp 188–195, F. Talbott, "Some Legislative and Legal Aspects of the Negro Question in West Virginia during the Civil War and Reconstruction,", Lawrence O. Christensen, "Black Education in Civil War St. Louis,", William A. Rorabaugh, William J. Kenneth H. Wheeler, "Local Autonomy and Civil War Draft Resistance: Holmes County, Ohio,". It comprised colorful drawings that were turned on wheels and included pre-printed tickets, poster advertisements, and narration that could be read aloud at the show. [62] Third, the government printed paper money called "greenbacks". List of Wikipedia articles on Union states and major cities: †Had two state governments, one Unionist one Confederate, both claiming to be the legitimate government of their state. A map can be really a symbolic depiction highlighting connections between pieces of a distance, including objects, … The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and However, they were scattered among 70 different new units, none of them a complete regiment. The Civil War was primarily a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, dividing the United States between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy). Republican Governor Oliver P. Morton was able to maintain control of the state's contribution to the war effort despite the Democrat majority. [9], At the time, Northerners were right to wonder at the near unanimity that so quickly followed long months of bitterness and discord. [32] Michigan voters remained evenly split between the parties in the presidential election of 1864.[33]. In 1882, the bank robber and ex-Confederate guerrilla Jesse James was killed in Saint Joseph. Land grants went to railroad construction companies to open up the western plains and link up to California. They promoted patriotism and the Union war aims, fostered kindly attitudes toward freed slaves, blackened the Confederates cause, encouraged readers to raise money for war-related humanitarian funds, and dealt with the death of family members. The Army had plenty of cash to purchase them from farmers and breeders but especially in the early months the quality was mixed. The new recruits spent their time drilling in company and regiment formations. The border states during the Civil War were the slave states that didn't leave the Union. If you need help downloading the printable, check out these helpful tips. Carwardine[80] argues that for many Methodists, the victory of Lincoln in 1860 heralded the arrival of the kingdom of God in America. The United States had three types of military service. ", Robert E., Mitchell, "Civil War Recruiting and Recruits from Ever-Changing Labor Pools: Midland County, Michigan, as a Case Study,", Martin J. Hershock, "Copperheads and Radicals: Michigan Partisan Politics during the Civil War Era, 1860–1865,", Peter Bratt, "A Great Revolution in Feeling: The American Civil War in Niles and Grand Rapids, Michigan,", Kenneth Link, "Potomac Fever: The Hazards of Camp Life,", Frank R. Freemon, "Lincoln finds a surgeon general: William A. Hammond and the transformation of the Union Army Medical Bureau. "The Civil War Income Tax,". Here are ten basic facts you need to know about America's defining struggle. Republicans responded with claims of defeatism. [22][23], The Democrats nominated George McClellan, a War Democrat for the 1864 presidential election but gave him an anti-war platform. diss., University of Notre Dame, 2008. Free states included California, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Maine, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Oregon, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kansas, New York, Nevada, Vermont, Ohio, Michigan and West Virginia. Altogether, there were technically 25 states included in the Union States of the U.S. Civil War. The Northeast and upper Midwest provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. [5], Confederates generally saw the Union as being opposed to slavery, occasionally referring to them as abolitionists, as in reference to the U.S. Navy as the "Abolition fleet" and the U.S. Army as the "Abolition forces". Link, "'This Bastard New Virginia': Slavery, West Virginia Exceptionalism, and the Secession Crisis,", Sarah Bohl, "A War on Civilians: Order Number 11 and the Evacuation of Western Missouri,", Louis De Falaise, "General Stephen Gano Burbridge's Command in Kentucky,", Great Seal of the United States of America. Perman (2010) says historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer, and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. [81] During Reconstruction the Methodists took the lead in helping form Methodist churches for Freedmen and moving into Southern cities even to the point of taking control, with Army help, of buildings that had belonged to the southern branch of the church. Even more important, the hundreds of new banks that were allowed to open were required to purchase government bonds. The United States had three types of Military service: the regular army, the militia, and volunteers. [65] These subsequent bills were primarily revenue driven to meet the war's needs, though they enjoyed the support of protectionists such as Carey, who again assisted Morrill in the bill's drafting. The United States Christian Commission sent agents into the Army camps to provide psychological support as well as books, newspapers, food and clothing. Union States – Border States – Confederate States. He oversaw supplies, finances, manpower, the selection of generals, and the course of overall strategy. Most border states had strong ties to the South culturally, but they had economic ties to the North. The Civil War originated over the issue of slavery and its extension into western territories. The Union used hundreds of thousands of animals. The Union economy grew and prospered during the war while fielding a very large army and navy. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. Why wasn't this page useful? 244–277, Fish, Carl Russell. The Union Army was bigger than the Confederate Army. "From Harvest Field to Battlefield: Rural Pennsylvania Women and the U.S. Civil War,", Giesberg, Judith. However, Southern Unionists were not necessarily northern sympathizers and many of them, although opposing secession, supported the Confederacy once it was a fact. The 1862 election for the Indiana legislature was especially hard-fought. Washington decided to keep the small regular army intact; it had only 16,000 men and was needed to guard the frontier. Many wives took their place and often consulted by mail on what to do; increasingly they relied on community and extended kin for advice and help.[71]. Lincoln decided to continue the trade for fear that Britain might intervene if its textile manufacturers were denied raw material. Year by year, the Confederacy shrank and lost control of increasing quantities of resources and population. In foreign affairs the Union was the only side recognized by all other nations, none of which officially recognized the Confederate government. [85], There were numerous children's magazines, such as Merry's Museum, The Student and Schoolmate, Our Young Folks, The Little Pilgrim, Forrester's Playmate and The Little Corporal. This index was a joint project of the U.S. National Park Service, the Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS), and the Genealogical Society of Utah (GSU). Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. Roving insurgent bands such as Quantrill's Raiders and the men of Bloody Bill Anderson terrorized the countryside, striking both military installations and civilian settlements. Some tried to escape but few succeeded. The result was a devastating Civil War that lasted until 1865. South Carolina left the Union first. While the Revolution of 1776-1783 created the United States, the Civil War of 1861-1865 determined what kind of nation it would be. After West Virginia separated from Virginia, it was also considered a border state. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the U.S. states that were loyal to the U.S. federal government led by President Abraham Lincoln. In June 1863, small-scale disturbances broke out; they ended when the Army sent in armed units.[53][54][55]. Michael B. Chesson, "Prison Camps and Prisoners of War," in Steven E. Woodworth, ed. Second came much higher tariffs, through several Morrill tariff laws. With the South gone and Northern Democrats weak, the Republicans enacted their legislation. On the eve of the Civil War in 1860, four million of the 32 million Americans were black slaves. English: The American Civil War (1861–1865) was an insurrection fought between the United States of America and several rebellious slave-owning states in the southern U.S., known as the "Confederate States".The latter was defeated, with slavery in the U.S. being ended as a result. After the fall of Atlanta in September 1864, military success seemed assured and Copperheadism collapsed.[25]. This Union began with the original 13 colonies. Number of enslaved persons in the United States in 1860: 180,000: Number of African American soldiers that served in the Civil War: 1 in 5: Average death rate for all Civil War soldiers: 3:1: Ratio of Confederate deaths to Union deaths : 9:1: Ratio of African American Civil War troops who died of disease to those that died on the battlefield, largely due to discriminatory medical care: … In terms of Congress the opposition against the war was nearly powerless—as was the case in most states. Apart from tariffs, the largest revenue by far came from new excise taxes—a sort of value added tax—that was imposed on every sort of manufactured item. Hollerith's company became International Business Machines (IBM) in 1911. Dissident Methodists left the church. In 1864, the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers[4] and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket against Democratic candidate George B. McClellan. [38] Numerous other new agencies also targeted the medical and morale needs of soldiers, including the United States Christian Commission, as well as smaller private agencies, such as the Women's Central Association of Relief for Sick and Wounded in the Army (WCAR), founded in 1861 by Henry Whitney Bellows, a Unitarian minister, and the social reformer Dorothea Dix. It looked back to Jacksonian Democracy for inspiration—with ideals that promoted an agrarian rather than industrialized concept of society. [64], Secretary Chase, though a long-time free-trader, worked with Morrill to pass a second tariff bill in summer 1861, raising rates another 10 points in order to generate more revenues. [30], Michigan was especially eager to send thousands of volunteers. It set up orphanages in Davenport, Glenwood and Cedar Falls. The Union States during the Civil War. Congress wrote an elaborate program of economic modernization that had the dual purpose of winning the war and permanently transforming the economy. In 1862, the Border States had no choice but to take a side, and they became part of the Union. Civil War Facts: 1861-1865 The Union included the states of Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, California, Nevada, and Oregon. Sickness was a much more serious cause of hospitalization or death. "Have Social Historians Lost the Civil War? List of the Union States During the Civil War Alphabetical List of Union States in the Civil War. They became a matter of state pride, with orphans were paraded around at rallies to display the power of a patriotic schooling. Copperhead Democrats called the war a failure, and it became an increasingly partisan Republican effort. ", Hams, Emily J. Especially at five critical stages in the soldier's career (enlistment, blooding, mustering out, wounding and death) letters from absent fathers articulated a distinctive set of 19th-century ideals of manliness. This required that he master entirely new skills as a strategist and diplomat. However, by 1862 the casualties were mounting, and the war was increasingly focused on freeing the slaves in addition to preserving the Union. They gained 28 seats in the House of Representatives but Republicans retained control of both the House and the Senate. The war ended when the Confederate armies surrendered and dissolved the Confederate government in 1865. The Border states were those states that during the American Civil War did not leave the Union. These southern states no longer felt that they were being represented in government. In such a bitterly divided state, neighbors frequently used the excuse of war to settle personal grudges and took up arms against neighbors. Men who had been Democrats before the war often abstained or voted Republican. The war acted as a catalyst that encouraged the rapid adoption of horse-drawn machinery and other implements. He says most men demonstrated dual commitments as providers and nurturers and believed that husband and wife had mutual obligations toward their children. It assumed an inevitable Union victory. With the Emancipation Proclamation taking effect in January 1863, localities could meet their draft quota by sponsoring regiments of ex-slaves organized in the South. No denomination was more active in supporting the Union than the Methodist Episcopal Church. ", Robert H. Bremner, "The Impact of the Civil War on Philanthropy and Social Welfare,", Wendy Hamand Venet, "The Emergence of a Suffragist: Mary Livermore, Civil War activism, and the Moral Power of Women,", James H. Cassedy, "Numbering the North's Medical Events: Humanitarianism and Science in Civil War Statistics,". It would not last throughout the protracted war to come—or even through the year—but in that moment of unity was laid bare the common Northern nationalism usually hidden by the fierce battles more typical of the political arena."[10]. Ph.D. Fact #1: The Civil War was fought between the Northern and the Southern states from 1861-1865. From every side came news of mass meetings, speeches, resolutions, tenders of business support, the muster of companies and regiments, the determined action of governors and legislatures. Foote, Lorien and Kanisorn Wongsrichanalai. The Union controlled territories in April 1861 were:[103], The Indian Territory saw its own civil war, as the major tribes held slaves and endorsed the Confederacy. ", Lewis J. Wertheim, "The Indianapolis Treason Trials, the Elections of 1864 and the Power of the Partisan Press. Using the term "Union" to apply to the non-sec… Between Election Day and Lincoln's inauguration in March, seven states seceded from the Union: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. The problem with volunteering, however, was its serious lack of planning, leadership, and organization at the highest levels. People loyal to the U.S. federal government and opposed to secession living in the border states(where slavery was legal in 1861) were termed Unionists. Much of the political rhetoric of the era had a distinct religious tone. "Population of the Union States before and after the American Civil War in 1860 and 1870 (in 1,000s)." The subsequent Constitution of 1787 was issued and ratified in the name not of the states, but of "We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union ..." Union, for the United States of America, is then repeated in such clauses as the Admission to the Union clause in Article IV, Section 3. She argued that women needed more education and job opportunities to help them fulfill their role of serving others. Statista. Most soldiers were volunteers, although after 1862 many volunteered in order to escape the draft and to take advantage of generous cash bounties on offer from states and localities. Washington called on the states for troops, and every northern governor set about raising and equipping regiments, and sent the bills to the War Department. The state fleet expanded to 11 hospital ships, and the state set up 12 local offices in main transportation nodes, to help Ohio soldiers moving back and forth. Using the term "Union" to apply to the non-secessionist side carried a connotation of legitimacy as the continuation of the pre-existing political entity. Border states were slave states that … July 15, 2019. The Union states included the Western states of California, Oregon, and (after 1864) Nevada. West Virginia separated from Virginia and became part of the Union during the war, on June 20, 1863. First came epidemics of the childhood diseases of chicken pox, mumps, whooping cough, and especially, measles. This list shows when each Civil War Union State became an official part of the Union. [44] In the long run, the wartime experiences of the numerous Union commissions modernized public welfare, and set the stage for large—scale community philanthropy in America based on fund raising campaigns and private donations. "Mary Elizabeth Massey and the Civil War Centennial. Catholics, Episcopalians, Lutherans and conservative Presbyterians generally avoided any discussion of the war, so it would not bitterly divide their membership. Because of the widespread attacks and the protection offered by Confederate sympathizers, Federal leaders issued General Order No. Some Preliminary Demographic Speculations,", Geary James W. "Civil War Conscription in the North: A Historiographical Review. They were: In April 1861, after the battle at Fort Sumter, four more states joined the Confederacy. "The North's Empty Purse, 1861–1862,", Hill, Joseph A. [80] Methodists formed a major element of the popular support for the Radical Republicans with their hard line toward the white South. On short notice, the army forced almost 20,000 people, mostly women, children and the elderly, to leave their homes. [87] By 1866, the Milton Bradley Company was selling "The Myriopticon: A Historical Panorama of the Rebellion" that allowed children to stage a neighborhood show that would explain the war.